\CpW.Oi\ 


THE 

FINDING 
OF  RALEIGH'S 
LOST  COLONY 


L-. 


THE  LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF 

NORTH  CAROLINA 


THE  COLLECTION  OF 
NORTH  CAROLINLANA 

ENDOViED  BY 

JOHN  SPRUNT  HILL 
CLASS  OF  1889 


Cp970.03 
F69f 


UNIVERSITY  OF  N  C.  AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


00032198381 


FOR  USE  ONLY  IN 
THE  NORTH  CAROLINA  COLLECTION 


AISHE    HANUM,     THE    OFFICIAL    WIFE 


'     ^  '  21 


f 


unconsciously  I  found  myself  asking  her, 
"Were  _vou  happy  in  the  Palace?" 

My  question  brought  her  back  to  the  earth, 
and  she  laughed  her  gay  little  laugh,  and 
patted  my  hand. 

"You  dear  yaAToum,  you  are  such  a  little 
baby,  why  should  I  not  be  happy?  To  me 
was  given  the  honor  of  being  sent  to  the 
Kalif,  which  was  no  less  an  honor  to  my  new 
mother  than  it  was  to  me." 

"Did  you  see  the  Sultan?"  I  asked. 

"  Y-e-s.  WTien  I  reached  the  Palace  I  was 
taken  to  my  rooms;  and  after  a  few  da}'s,  when 
I  was  suflBciently  rested,  they  dressed  me  ever 
so  beautifully  for  the  Pattissah  to  see  me." 

Again  that  far-away  look  came  into  her 
prett}'  face,  but  she  went  on  with  her  story. 

"It  was  in  a  large  living  room,  we  were 
all  assembled — such  beautiful  women  and  so 
many.  I  was  by  the  chair  of  the  Sultana  when 
he,  our  ruler,  came  in.  I  was  presented  to 
him,  and  he  smiled  kindly  at  me,  and  said 
that  he  hoped  I  should  be  happy  in  the 
Palace.  I  was  given  by  his  order  man)-  gems 
and  costly  robes  and  slaves  of  my  very  own,  but 
Allah  never  meant  for  me  the  honor  of  wife- 
hood with  the  Master.    Kismet,  Ne  apeym." 

"Oh!  Aishe  Hanum!"  I  cried  when  she 
stopped.     "Do  tell  me  more  of  Palace  life." 

"No,  no,  yavroimi,  you  cannot  know  that. 
It  is  not  spoken  out  of  the  Palace;  but  you 
may  see  the  little  girl  I  am  hoping  some  day 
to  send  there." 

I  gasped.  "  You  don't  mean  to  say  that  you 
are  going  to  send  somebody  to  the  Palace  ?  " 

"\\Tiy,  you  dear  little  crest  of  the  waves, 
why  should  I  not,  when  I  find  a  little  girl 
who  I  think  is  going  to  be  most  gloriously 
beautiful." 

She  clapped  her  hands  and  Kioutchouk- 
Gul  came  in  beaming  with  smiles.  Her 
mistress  returned  the  smiles  as  she  said: 

"Bring  me  in  Gul- Allen"  (Rose  of  the 
World). 

A  few  minutes  later  a  little  girl  was  marched 
in.  She  was  tall  and  well  shaped,  and  car- 
ried her  head  magnificently.  She  was  four 
years  old,  but  looked  seven.  If  she  grows 
up  to  be  as  beautiful  as  she  looked  then  she 
will  make  a  stunner.  The  curious  part  was 
that  she  looked  like  her  mistress.  Her  eyes 
were  that  almond  shape,  the  color,  as  Ros- 
setti  expresses  it,  like  the  sea  and  the  sky 
mixed  together,  only  in  theirs  the  landscape 
was  mixed  in  too.  Every  feature  in  her  face 
seemed  to  have  been  nature's  great  care. 
The  color  of  her  skin  was  clear  white,  and 


)-ou  could  see  the  veins  as  if  they  were  finely 
traced  with  a  blue  pencil,  and  her  mouth  was 
cupid's  bow. 

"Aishe  Hanum,"  I  begged  when  the  child 
left  us,  "please  don't  send  her  to  the  Palace. 
Suppose  she  never  becomes  his  wife.  She 
will  be  happier  with  a  young  man  for  a 
husband." 

Aishe  Hanum  looked  puzzled  at  me. 

"Suppose  you  had  a  great  talent,  and  your 
mother  never  gave  you  a  chance  with  it, 
would  you  think  her  Just?  You  see,  }'av- 
roura,  I  am  giving  you  an  example  from 
your  own  standards  to  judge.  Tell  me, 
wouldn't  you  blame  her  all  your  life?" 

I  acquiesced. 

"It  would  be  the  same  with  mv  little  Gul- 
Allen." 

"But  suppose  when  she  grows  up  she  re- 
fuses to  go  like  the  other?'' 

"Oh,  she  will  not;  for  she  will  be  brought 
up  with  this  idea  in  mind.  Her  education  is 
to  be  very  careful.  Besides,  in  the  heart  of 
every  Mussulman  woman,  the  highest  honor 
on  this  side  of  the  earth  is  to  give  a  son  to  the 
Pattissah.  You  have  to  be  a  Turkish  woman 
to  understand  this.  And  now  you  must  see 
my  Palace  robes  and  my  gems." 

Kioutchouk-Gul  received  her  orders,  and 
in  a  few  minutes  she  came  in,  carrA'ing  on 
her  head  a  bundle  thick  by  two  feet  and 
long  by  four,  and  in  that  space  carefully 
folded  were  twenty  most  gorgeous  garments! 
Think  of  the  space  twenty  of  our  stupid  gowns 
would  require! 

Kioutchouk-Gul  opened  the  Persian  shawl, 
and  as  she  unfolded  each  garment  she  parad- 
ed it  on  her  slim  shoulders.  In  my  child- 
hood I  was  put  to  sleep  with  Oriental  tales 
where  the  princesses  wore  magnificent  clothes 
that  only  a  fair)'  queen's  wand  could  pro- 
duce. Those  garments  belonged  to  that  cate- 
gory. Bright  silks  represented  sky  and  stars 
worked  with  silver  and  gold  and  fastened 
with  precious  stones.  There  was  one  of  dark 
red  on  which  were  emb.  idered  wi'^  silver 
thread  white  chrysanthemums,  and  the  heart 
of  each  flower  on  tht  '■•■'>nt  border  v.-as  a 
topaz! 

Think  of  having  all  these  ^  ">*"'^  's  and  the 
jewelry  to  go  with  the-  'lecausc  Sultan 
cast  his  eyes  five  minute^  i  "ou.  No  v.'onder 
that  in  the  heart  of  every  Mi  'ulmi'ti  woman 
the  desire  to  go  to  the  Pal;  ""  is  so  great. 
Though  it  is  religion  that  pro.iipts  thtm, 
where  is  the  trulv  feminine  l'-=-;'.rt  that  is 
indili'erent  to  beautiful  garments? 


/lp,-^<^£-r'''^*'^ 


'5"uc"r  (  'icl 


THE    FINDING    OF    RALEIGH'S 
LOST    COLONY 

By  ALEXANDER   HUME   FORD 


|HE  mystery  of  m_ysteries  in 
our  American  chronicle  has 
been  soh'ed  at  last.  The 
famous  "Lost  Colony  of 
Roanoke  "  has  been  traced; 
and  its  descendants  found 
in  an  obscure  region,  where 
they  still  retain  the  ancestral  names,  cherish 
traditions  that  explain  many  of  the  gaps  in 
history,  and  preserve  customs  brought  over 
by  their  forefathers,  who  vanished  utterl}- 
from  the  ken  of  the  mother  country.  I  have 
been  among  them  and  talked  with  them.  So 
far  as  I  can  discover,  this  will  be  the  first 
article  describing  them  ever  published  in  a 
general  magazine,  and  these  photographs  the 
first  ever  published  am-where. 

The  storj'  of  the  Lost  Colon}-  is  familiar  to 
e\'ery  student  of  American  histor\'.  It  v.-ill  be 
remembered  that  Queen  Elizabeth  granted 
to  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  a  patent  ''to  discover, 
searche,  finde  out,  and  view  such  remote, 
heathen,  and  barbarous  lands,  countreis,  and 
territories  not  actually  possessed  of  an}- 
Christian  prince."' 

The  first  expedition  landed  on  Roanoke 
Island  July  4th  (old  style),  1584,  but  without 
making  a  settlement;  a  second  group  gave  up 
in  a  year,  and  returned;  later,  fifteen  men  left 
b}-  Sir  Richard  Grenville  to  hold  the  place 
were  either  drowned  or  massacred.  In  1587 
the  indomitable  Raleigh  sent  out  100  men  and 
seventeen  women,  with  John  \\Tiite  as  gover- 
nor. This  was  the  memorable  "Lost  Col- 
ony," which,  contrar}-  to  Raleigh's  counsel, 
settled  on  the  ill-starred  Roanoke  Island  de- 
scribed as  "very  sand}'  and  low  toward  the 
water  side,  but  so  full  of  grapes  as  the  very 
beating  and  surge  of  the  sea  o\-erflowed  them, 
of  which  -s^e  fouud  such  plenty  that  in  all  the 
world  like  abundance  is  not  to  be  found." 
Thus    began    the    acquaintance    of    the 


Raleigh  Colon}-  with  the  American  scupper- 
nong.  The  three  finest  native  grapes,  the 
Catawba,  the  Isabella,  and  the  Scuppernong 
are  indigenous  to  and  tlirive  best  near  Roan- 
oke, and,  strange  to  say,  the  most  delicious  of 
these,  the  white  scuppernong,  which  will  not 
bear  transportation  a  day's  journev,  is  inter- 
woven by  ever}-  tradition  v>-ith  the  arrival  of 
the  white  men  on  Roanoke  Island. 

Here  was  bom  the  first  white  American 
grape,  as  well  as  the  first  white  American 
child,  Virginia  Dare,  daughter  of  Ananias  and 
Eleanor  Dare,  and  granddaughter  of  Gover- 
nor White.  The  scuppernong  has  spread 
westward  along  the  trail  followed  by  Virginia 
Dare  and  the  Lost  Colony,  and  is  to-day 
found  most  luxuriant  where  the}'  went. 

Here  grows  the  great  "mother  scupper- 
nong."    Report  says  that  it  covers  an  acre. 

In  August,  1587,  the  colonists  needing  sup- 
plies and  other  necessaries,  the  governor  was 
"through  their  extreme  entreating  con- 
strained to  return  to  England."  Before  he 
could  get  back,  the  great  war  with  Spain  broke 
out.  In  1388  Raleigh  sent  two  ships  with 
Governor  AMiite,  but  Spanish  war  vessels 
boarded,  rifled,  and  drove  them  back.  It 
was  1591  before  another  attempt  could  be 
made.  This  time  Governor  A\Tiite  reached 
Roanoke.  He  describes  what  happened  in 
phrases  of  unconscious  poetry,  giving  a 
strangel}-  vivid  picture  of  the  loneliness  of  the 
New  World  and  the  Lost  Colony: 

"We  let  fall  our  Grapnel  neere  the  shore 
&  sounded  with  a  trumpet  a  Call.  &  after- 
wardes  many  familiar  Enghsh  tunes  of  Songs, 
and  called  to  them  friendly;  but  we  had  no 
answere." 

The  next  day  they  landed,  and — we  may 
Cjuote  further,  without  keeping  to  the  quaint 
old  spelling: 

"     ■  we  entered  up  the  sandy  bank,  upon 


THE    FINDING    OF    RALEIGH'S     LOST    COLONY 


Zi 


^ 


a  tree,  in  the  ver}-  brow  thereof,  were  curiously 
carved  these  fair  Roman  letters,  C.  R.  O., 
which  letters  presently  we  knew  to  signify  the 
place  where  I  should  find  the  planters  seated, 
according  to  a  secret  token  agreed  upon  be- 
tween them  and  me  at  my  last  departure  from 
them;  I  willed  them  that  if  they  should  hap- 
pen to  be  distressed  in  any  of  those  places, 
that  then  they  should  carve  over  the  letters  or 
name,  a  cross  -|-  in  this  form;  but  we  found 
no  such  sign  of  distress.  .  .  .  And  having 
well  considered  of  this,  \^e  passed  toward  the 
place  where  the}'  were  left  in  sundry  houses, 
but  we  found  the  houses  taken  down,  and 
the  place  very  strongly  inclosed  with  a  high 
palisade  of  great  trees,  with  curtains  and 
flankers,  very  fortlike,  and  one  of  the  chief 
trees  or  posts  at  the  right  side  of  the  entrance 
had  the  bark  taken  olT,  and  tive  feet  from  the 
ground  in  fair  capital  letters  was  graven 
CROATOAN  without  any  cross  or  sign  of 
distress.  ...  I  greatly  joyed  that  I  had  safely 
found  a  certain  token  of  their  safe  being  at 
Croatoan,  which  is  the  place  where  Manteo 
was  born,  and  the  savages  of  the  island  our 
friends." 

The  governor  was  prepared  to  sail  down 
the  sound  to  Croatan,  Vjut  a  heavy  storm 
rose,  he  lost  his  anchors,  and  narrowl}'  es- 
caped wreck.  The  weather  "grew  fouler  and 
fouler,  oiur  victuals  scarce,  and  our  cask  and 
fresh  water  lost."  It  was  necessar)-  to  make 
sail  to  St.  John  to  refit.  Believing  the  colo- 
nies safe,  he  set  sail  for  the  Indies  in  search 
of  Spanish  prizes,  intending  to  return  in 
springtime. 

He  never  came  back.  Go\-ernor  \\'hite 
gave  up  the  search  for  his  daughter,  and  noth- 
ing more  is  known  of  him.  Raleigh,  ruined 
financially,  having  spent  $200,000  on  his 
colony  without  a  penny  of  recompense,  turned 
over  his  grants  to  the  London  Company  with 
the  advice  that  they  seek  to  colonize  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  and  later  the  settlement  at  James- 
town was  made.  Raleigh  urged  the  new  col- 
onists to  seek  the  old,  but  both  the  Croatans 
and  the  colonists  had  totally  disappeared. 

I  first  heard  the  tradition  of  the  present  ex- 
istence of  Raleigh's  Lost  Colony  here  at  Man- 
teo,  named  after  the  old  chief  who  went  to 
England  and  was  made  "Lord  of  the  Island 
of  Roanoke  and  Dasamonguepec" — the  first 
of  all  American  titles.  He  returned  to  be  bap- 
tized only  a  few  days  before  little  Virginia 
Dare  was  born. 

If  Governor  White  had  sailed  down  Pam- 
lico Sound,  doubtless  he  would  have  found 


his  Lost  Colony.  It  was  southward  and  up  the 
Cape  Fear  River  to  its  head  waters,  where  all 
tradition  still  locates  Raleigh's  Lost  Colony 
and  the  descendants  of  Virginia  Dare.  She 
being  a  granddaughter  of  the  first  American 
governor  was  more  trul_\'  aristocratic  than  even 
Pocahontas,  who  was  not  baptized  until  Vir- 
ginia had  attained  womanhood.  And  per- 
haps she  married  a  }'oung  brave  of  Roanoke 
long  before  the  daughter  of  Powhatan  wed 
an  English  gentleman — finally  to  fill  an  un- 
marked grave  in  Britain  as  the  English  girl 
Virginia  fills  an  unknown  grave  in  America — 
Pocahontas  to  give  among  her  descendants  a 
great  general  (Baden  Powell)  to  the  English 
of  to-da}-,  and  Virginia  Dare  a  governor  of 
North  Carolina  in  our  own  times. 

Wlien  the  English  settled  at  Jamestown  in 
1607,  it  was  still  further  corroborated  that 
the  Lost  Colony  had  intermarried  among  the 
Indians — although  those  that  had  gone  north- 
\\'ard  among  Powhatan's  people  were  cruell}- 
massacred,  at  the  instigation  of  Powhatan, 
about  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  the  white  men 
at  Jamestown.  Only  seven  of  them,  four 
men,  two  boys,  and  a  young  maid,  had  been 
preserved  from  the  slaughter,  b}'  a  friendly 
chief,  and  from  these  was  descended  a  tribe  of 
Indians  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Roanoke 
Island  a  centurj^Tater,  and  then  known  as 
Hatteras  Indians;  they  had  gray  eyes  and 
claimed  to  have  white  ancestors. 

Again,  in  1607,  Captains  Newport  and  John 
Smith  found  at  an  Indian  village  below  the 
falls  (at  Richmond)  a  lad  of  about  ten  years 
of  age  with  yellow  hair  and  white  skin,  who, 
it  has  been  assumed,  was  the  offspring  of  some 
representative  of  the  ill-fated  Roanoke  Col- 
ony. Captain  Francis  Nelson,  who  left  Vir- 
ginia in  1608,  took  back  to  London  a  ch^rt  on 
which  he  marked  at  one  inland  place:  "Here 
remaineth  four  men  clothed,  that  came  from 
Roanoke  to  Ocanhawan  (which  information 
Powhatan  confirmed).  At  Peccarecmek  and 
Ochanahoen  (on  the  Neuse)  the  people  have 
houses  built  with  stone  walls,  the  one  story 
above  the  other,  so  taught  them  by  the  Eng- 
lish who  escaped  the  slaughter  at  Roanoke." 

At  this  time  there  was  a  well-authenticated 
story  of  a  part  of  the  Lost  Colony  living  in 
what  is  now  Sampson  County,  North  Caro- 
lina. In  1609  word  was  received  in  London 
that  "some  of  our  nation  sent  to  Roanoke  by 
Sir  Walter  Raleigh  are  }-et  alive  within  fifty 
miles  of  our  fort  (Jamestown).  Two  of  our 
colonists  sent  out  to  seek  them  (although  de- 
nied by  the  sa\-ages  speech  with  them)  found 


24 


APPLETON'S    MAGAZINE 


crosses  and  letters  and  characters,  assured 
testimonials  of  Christians,  newly  WTOte  on  the 
barks  of  the  trees.''  The  early  Virginians 
did  not  know  then  that  they  were  most  prob- 
ably in  touch  onl}-  with  a  few  stragghng  groups 
of  the  Lost  Colony,  although,  even  in  1608,  it 
was  believed  that  farther  south  a  large  body 
of  their  unfortunate  countrj-men  might  still 
be  found. 

In  1660  the  Rev.  Morgan  Jones,  of  Virginia, 
was  captured  by  the  Tuscarora  Indians  living 
in  North  Carolina  along  the  Neuse  River. 
After  some  time  in  captivity  he  returned  to 
civilization  to  make  the  solemn  statement  that 
he  found  a  tribe  settled  on  the  Pantego  River, 
near  Cape  Atros  (Hatteras),  known. to  their 
neighbors  as  the  white  Indians  on  account 
of  their  light  color;  he  tells  that  they  spoke 
British,  in  which  language  he  preached  to 
them  three  times  a  week. 

From  now  on,  all  traces  of  the  Lost  Colony 
are  to  be  found  in  North  Carolina  west  and 
south  of  Roanoke.  An  old  Indian  trail  led 
from  the  fishing  and  hunting  grounds  at  Roan- 
oke Island  to  the  head  waters  of  the  Cape 
Fear  River  at  Fayetteville.  Along  this  trail 
Indian  settlements  still  exist,  and  where  it 
ends  in  Robeson  County  is  the  largest  Indian 
settlement  east  of  the  ISIississippi  River. 
Along  this  trail  have  congregated  the  tradi- 
tions of  the  Lost  Colony  for  300  years. 

We  hear  no  more  of  the  "white"  Indians 
from  1660  untD.  1709.  In  the  mean  time  they 
had  moved  to  Robeson  County,  where  the 
French  Huguenots  of  South  Carolina  found 
them  in  that  year — long  settled  in  the  countr}-, 
inteUigent  farmers  who  had  built  ever\-w-here 
magnificent  roads.  In  1729  English  settlers 
penetrated  to  Robeson  Count;)-,  where  they 
found  liffht  Indians  on  Lumber  River  who 
spoke  English,  tilled  the  soil,  o\\'ned  slaves, 
and  held  land  in  common.  They  claimed  to 
be  descendants  of  English  who  came  over  the 
sea  in  great  swan  boats,  and  in  1732  King 
George  11  gave  land  grants  to  Henri,'  Berry 
and  James  Lo^\Tey,  the  two  leading  men  of 
the  tribe.  Henry  Berr}'  claimed  lineal  descent 
from  the  Henn-  Berry^  of  the  Raleigh  Colony, 
and  James  Lo'.\Tey  married  Priscilla  Bern.-, 
sister  of  Henrv'  Berr\-. 

In  1 7 II  the  Indians  of  Robeson  County  had 
aided  the  whites  against  the  Tuscaroras,  in  the 
great  Indian  War;  from  !Mattamuskeet  they 
brought  back  Indian  slaves  who  had  tradi- 
tions of  the  time  when  the  Croatans  and  the 
^Nlattamuskeets  lived  together,  and  knew  of 
the  white  blood  in  the  other  tribe.    In  fact. 


they  claim.ed  that  many  of  their  people  had 
also  married  among  the  descendants  of  the 
English  in  the  Croatan  tribe. 

Lawson,  who  wrote  the  first  histor}'  of  North 
Carolina,  in  1709,  speaks  of  "the  Hatteras 
Indians  who  lived  on  Roanoack  Island,  or 
much  frequented  it.  These  tell  us  that  sev- 
eral of  their  ancestors  were  white  people  and 
could  talk  in  a  book  as  we  do,  the  truth  of 
which  is  confirmed  by  gray  eyes  being  fre- 
quently found  among  these  Indians  and  no 
others.  They  value  themselves  extremely  for 
their  affinity  to  the  English,  and  are  ready  to 
do  them  all  friendly  office.  It  is  probable 
that  this  settlement  [of  Raleigh's]  miscarried 
for  want  of  timely  supplies  from  England,  or 
through  the  treachery  of  the  natives,  for  we 
may  reasonably  suppose  that  the  English 
were  forced  to  cohabit  with  them  for  relief 
and  conservation,  and  that  in  process  of  time 
they  conformed  themselves  to  the  manners  of 
their  Indian  relations." 

As  Professor  \\"eeks,  of  Trinit}-  College, 
North  Carolina,  obsen-es  in  a  paper  on  this 
subject:  "It  is  impossible  for  the  stors"  told  by 
Lawson  to  be  a  tradition  not  founded  on  the 
truth,  for  he  wrote  within  120  years  of  the 
original  settlements  at  Roanoke,  and  he  may 
have  talked  with  men  whose  grandfathers  had 
been  among  the  original  colonists." 

In  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  the  Robeson 
County  Indians  bearing  English  names  in- 
clined to  be  Tories,  in  the  belief  that  they 
were  English,  and  we  find  many  names  fa- 
miliar in  tlie  list  of  Raleigh's  colonists  on  the 
side  of  the  British;  but  in  181 2  these  were  all 
on  the  side  of  the  American  forces,  even  to  the 
Dares,  who  claimed  descent  from  \'irginia 
Dare,  "the  ^^'hite  Doe"  bom  at  Roanoke. 
Many  of  these  Indians  bearing  English  names 
received  pensions  from  the  government  for 
their  ser\"ices. 

In  1835  the  ungrateful  North  Carolinians 
disfranchised  their  Indian  allies  who,  at  that 
time,  owned  schools  and  churches.  It  was 
now  a  crime  to  teach  a  dark  person  to  read  or 
write;  hence,  only  the  traditions  of  the  old, 
old  chroniclers  sun-ived.  It  was  not  until 
1868  that  the  Robeson  Count}-  Indians  were 
restored  to  full  rights  of  citizenship,  after 
their  glorious  defense  of  the  Confederacy. 

During  this  war,  one  of  the  chiefs,  in  de- 
fending one  of  his  men  accused  of  crime,  said 
in  a  public  speech:  "We  have  always  been 
friends  to  the  white  man.  We  were  free  peo- 
ple before  the  white  man  came  to  our  land. 
Our  tribe  was  alwavs  free.     Thev  lived  at 


T  V  1"  I  C  A  I,     HOUSE     A  M  O  N  G     T  H  E     C  H  1 1 


« 


Roanoke  in  Virginia.  \\'hen  the  English 
came  to  Roanoke  our  tribe  treated  them 
kindly;  one  of  our  tribe  went  to  England  and 
saw  the  great  country,  ^^'e  took  the  English 
to  live  with  us.  There  is  white  man's  blood 
in  our  veins  as  well  as  Indian.  We  took  the 
white  man's  language  and  religion,  ^^'c 
fought  with  the  \\'hite  men,  yet  white  men 
treat  us  as  negroes." 

And  so  in  all  the  centuries  their  tradition 
that  they  are  the  descendants  of  Raleigh's 
Lost  Colony  will  not  down,  and  even  the 
State  recognizes  their  claim.  Their  traditions 
state  that  thev  came  from  Croatan,  south  of 
Roanoke,  that  their  leading  man  was  made 
Lord  of  Roanoke,  bv  name  Mavno  (Manteoj, 
a  name  still  common  among  them. 

I  started  to  follow  the  trail,  and  througliout 
tidewater  North  Carolina  met  ever\'where  the 
tradition  that  the  "Raleigh  Colonv  Indians" 
had  gone  either  across  the  mainland,  or  bv 
water  to  the  great  hunting  grounds  near  the 
hills.  Besides  the  water  pathway,  there  was 
a  direct  well-kept  trail  from  the  Roanoke  re- 
gion to  the  present  site  of  Fa\'etteville,  where 
all  the  great  pathwavs  of  the  Southern  Indians 
met.  From  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and 
Virginia,  the  remnants  of  the  various  tribes 


that  receded  before  the  scourging  lro<[uois 
and  the  white  man,  followed  the  diverging 
trails  to  the  great  settlement  just  be\'ond 
Fa_\etlevil!e,  that  extended  to  the  South  Car- 
olina State  line.  In  this  area  there  still  live 
some  5,000  red  men,  descendants,  ])erhaps,  of 
almost  everv  Indian  tribe  that  populated  the 
Southern  seaboard  and  mountains.  Among 
these  peojjle  are  the  traditions  of  Raleigh's 
Lost  Colony,  and  hundreds  of  men,  women, 
and  children  bearing  the  very  names  of  th^ 
Roanoke  colonists  and  still  earnestly  believ- 
ing that  they  are  descended  from  the  English' 
men  and  women  whom  their  Chief  ^Slayno 
(Manteo)  adopted  into  his  tribe. 

It  was  as  an  explorer  that  I  retraced  the  old 
Indian  trail  across  country  and  at  last  arrived 
among  these  strange  people. 

In  Green  County,  yet  farther  westward, 
may  be  found  to  this  day-  Croatan  Indians 
who  still  use  the  old  Saxon  crossbow,  which, 
their  tradition  narrates,  the  Roanoke  colo- 
nists taught  them  to  make  and  use  to  bring 
down  their  quarry  silently. 

Sampson  Comity,  bet^\■een  Green  and 
Robeson,  is  richer  still  in  Indian  legends:  it 
was  here  that  a  large  number  of  the  lost  colo- 
nists were  reported  to  John  Smith  in  1608, 


26 


APPLETON'S    MAGAZINE 


CUOAIAN';^     W  A  J    I\  1  N' G     IN     S  I  N  i:  I    K     llf.i: 


and  there  were,-  up  to  half  a 
century  ago,  old  men  and  wom- 
en of  the  Croatans,  hereabout, 
who  recalled  hearing  that  the 
Dares,  the  Coopers,  and  the 
Har\'eys  of  Raleigh's  Colony 
who  had  intermarried  in  their 
tribe  were  the  pioneers  of  mi- 
gration westward,  and  brought 
a  part  of  the  tribe  here.  And 
to  this  day  the  Har\-eys,  the 
Dares,  and  Coopers  are  to  be 
found  among  the  Croatans  to 
the  farthest  end  of  the  trail.  To 
the  Har\-e}-s,  by  the  wa}-,  was 
born  the  second  English  child 
in  America. 

Beyond  Sampson  County  is 
Cumberland,  in  the  direct  path- 
way of  the  Lost  Colony  and  the 
Croataii  Indians.  Here,  near 
Fayetteville,  on  a  creek  empty- 
ing into  the  Cape  Fear  Riyer, 
may  be  seen  to  this  day  the 
remains  of  the  ''Indian  Stone 
House,"' which  was  still  standing 
in  1832,  and  which  tradition  says 
the   Roanoke  colonists    taught 


their  Indian  allies  to  build.  Old  water  mills 
for  grinding  maize  and  a  well-constructed 
dam  were  found  here  by  the  first  whites  who 
entered  the  region.  And  then  the  Indians 
acted  as  millers. 

A  walk  of  a  yery  few  miles  along  the  old 
Indian  road  brings  you  into  Robeson  County, 
where  liye  3,500  Croatan  Indians  who  claim 
descent  from  the  lost  colonists. 

The  last  tradition  among  the  Croatans  of 
Robeson  County  dates  back  but  a  year.  One 
of  their  delegates,  a  descendant  of  one  of  the 
lost  colonists,  was  sent  to  Washington  to  in- 
vite the  President  to  yisit  the  tribe  at  the  great 
gathering  at  Roanoke  Lsland  this  summer. 
The  President  set  aside  fiye  minutes  for  the 
reception,  but  kept  the  Croatan  guest  for  an 
hour  plying  him  with  questions  and  seeking 
to  learn  all  he  could  about  the  descendants  of 
the  Lost  Colony.  He  did  not  invite  the  red 
man  to  luncheon. 

But  why  plod  through  traditions  longer?  I 
was  among  these  people,  face  to  face,  here  at 
Red  Springs  in  Robeson  County,  where 
10,000  Indians  had  often  encamped  at  a  time; 
I  had  but  to  look  out  of  the  window  of  my 
hotel  to  see  the  Croatans  by  the  hundred,  fol- 
lowing each  other  in  single  file  up  and  down 
the  main  street  of  the  little  village,  for  young 


T  11  V.     G  UK 
^s•  H 


AT     "MOTHER     S  C  T' 1>  P  E  11  X  O  N  G  IIF.  XEAIll 

It  II      \"  I  Hi.;  1  SI  A     DARK     WAS     N  l"  R  S  E  D 


THE    FINDING    OF    RALEIGH'S    LOST    COLONY 


and  old  were  coming  to  town  to  do  their 
Christmas  shopping.  Some  of  the  visitors  to 
town  were  as  dark  as  an\-  Indians  in  j\jnerica, 
some  so  light  as  to  have  red  hair  and  blue 
eyes.  Yet,  one  and  all  walked  on  the  side- 
walk or  in  the  roadwav  in  single  file. 

I  tried  to  be  friendly,  but  the  Croatans  are 
uncommunicative  with  strangers.  They  con- 
sider that  the  whites  treated  them  badlv;  at 


colon\'  moved  away,  slips  were  taken  along 
and  planted  wherever  the  colony  rested.  The 
white  scuppernong  is  an  accident  and  grows 
only  from  slips;  but  it  is  doubtful  if  there  is  a 
Croatan  Indian  anv^vhere  in  North  Carolina 
who  does  not  rest  under  his  own  vine,  and 
drink  the  juice  of  the  scuppernong  after  he  has 
fermented  it  according  to  the  manner  taught 
him  bv  the  white  man. 


01.  n     DIEL,     THE     CEN'TKX  A  n  I  AN  ,     AND     H  I  .S     G  U  A  \  n  C  H  I  1. 1)  11  E  .\ 

Di-sct-nd.mti   of  Hcnn     Iierr\    of  Raleigh's   Lost   Colony. 


one  time  disfranchising  them  and  placing 
them  on  a  level  with  the  negro;  and  they 
have  never  forgiven  the  insult.  The  children 
I  found  even  less  communicative  than  their 
elders.  The  Croiitans  make  their  invn  liquor, 
keep  their  own  secrets,  and  ignore  the  Federal 
authorities.  Every  Croatan  grows  the  scup- 
pernong. 

It  is  in  their  traditions  that  the  white  men 
taught  them  the  art  of  distilling  wine  from  the 
"mother"  vine  at  Roanoke,  and  when  the 


The  whites  of  Red  Springs  looked  at  me 
almost  scornfully  for  talking  with  the  Indians. 
"But  the\'  are  the  descendants  of  Raleigh's 
Lost  Colony,"  I  explained  to  one  in  e.xcuse. 
"Oh,  yes,  that's  what  they  say!" 
"Don't  you  ever  go  among  them?" 
"What,   me? — no,   siree;   they   don't   like 
white  men  to  go  into  their  settlement.     They 
tell  a  man  to  keep  away  once:  and  after  that — 
they  shoot." 

"You  ought  to  see  Hamilton  McMillan," 


28 


A  PPL  ETON'S    MAGAZINE 


suggested  one  of  the  village  storekeepers;  "he 
knows  more  aljout  the  Croatan  Indians  than 
they  know  about  themselves." 

I  found  him  to  be  a  scholarly  old  gentleman, 
a  college  graduate,  and  prominent  law}er  who 
was  once  a  State  senator.  He  had  located 
at  Red  Springs  in  his  }'ounger  days  to  study 
the  strange  red  people  near  by  who  claimed  to 
be  descendants  of  the^  famous  Lost  Colony. 
Mr.  Mc^Millan  is  one  of  the  few  white  men 
who  have  taken  the  pains  to  investigate  the 
traditions  and  legends  of  the  Croatans,  and  it 
is  due  to  his  research  that  the  proof  of  their 
claims  was  made 
so  clear  to  the 
State  Legis- 
lature that  North 
Carolina  to-day 
officially  recog- 
nizes these  peo- 
ple as  the  de- 
scendants of 
Raleigh's  Colo- 
ny. For  a  quar- 
ter of  a  centurv, 
Mr.  McMillan 
has  been  the 
best  lo\-ed  man 
among  the  Croa- 
tans. The  one 
thing  they  could 
never  forget  was 
the  fact  that  he 
had  secured  for 
them  separate 
schools  from  the 
negroes ;  for, 
rather  than  let 
their  young 
attena  negro 
schools,  they  had 
permitted  them 
to  grow  up  in 
pride  and  igno- 
rance. Mr.  ilcMillan  gladly  consented  to 
take  me  visiting  among  the  Cnxitans;  so, 
bright  and  earl\-  one  Sunday  morning,  we 
made  our  tirst  excursion  into  the  most  for- 
gotten part  of  these  United  States,  and  among 
the  most  neglected  of  all  the  red  men  in 
America . 

\\"e  started  out  toward  the  old  Indian 
trail,  that  still  traverses  the  State  of  North 
Carolina  from  the  mountains  to  the  Roanoke 
country.  Here  in  Robeson  County  it  is  still 
known  as  "the  great  Lowrey  road,"  because 
two  hundred  years  ago  the  fanious  Indian 


'hief,   Henry  Lowre\-,  put  it   in  its  present 
magnificent  shape. 

The  Croatans  are  still  the  best  natural 
road  makers  in  America.  Road  building  is  a 
mania  with  them,  and  has  been  ever  since  the 
lost  colonists  taught  them  the  art.  They  are 
alwa_\-s  at  work  on  their  roads,  voluntarily  and 
without  pay. 

The  first  house  we  stopped  at  was  that  of 
Jim  Diel,  whose  wife  is  a  great-granddaughter 
of  the  famous  old  Indian  road  builder.  These 
Lowre}"s  have  given  a  senator  from  Missis- 
sippi, Hon.  Hiram  R.  Revels,  born  in  North 

Carolina.  Gov- 
ernor Lowrey 
Swain,  of  North 
Carolina,  was 
also  of  the  tribe. 
Some  of  them 
have  gone  to 
other  States  and 
are  men  of  for- 
tune; one,  in 
Florida,  is  a  mil- 
lionaire, a  leader 
in  society  and 
business. 

Jim  Diel  was 
out  when  we  ar- 
rived, so  his  wife 
and  niece  re- 
ceived us. 

Everything 
around  the  house 
showed  signs  of 
careless  pros- 
perity. In  the 
back  yard  an  e.x- 
tensive  scupper- 
nong  yielded 
enough  grapes 
annually  for  a 
hundred  gallons 
of  fiery  wine. 
We  had  passed  through  a  typical  negro 
settlement  on  our  way  to  "Scuffletown,"  as 
the  Indian  settlement  is  commonly  called  by 
the  Indians  themselves,  in  memory  of  one 
"Scoville"  who  led  them  to  battle  a  century 
or  more  ago.  \\'hat  a  contrast  lietween  the 
negro  and  the  Indian.  Shiftlessness  was 
written  ever\-\vhere  about  the  negro  posses- 
sions. On  the  other  hand,  an  Indian  house 
could  be  detected  from  afar.  Everything 
in  repair,  outhouses  kept  up,  all  the  ne- 
cessities for  making  life  in  the  countn'  com- 
fortable; beehives,  stables,  wells,  corn  cribs, 


r  H  E     S  r  I  N'  S  I  N'  G     WHEEL     IS     STILL     IV     VOGUE 


r  II I  .-M  I T I  vr    M  n  R  T  A  It    and 


IX     A     CUOATAN     HOME 


a 


cider  presses  all  in  active  use.  As  the 
fringe  of  Scuffletown  is  left  behind,  the 
negro  disappears  completely. 

We  met  Jim  Diel  down  the  Lowrey  road, 
and  great  was  his  concern  that  he  had  not  been 
at  home  to  meet  us.  He  was  a  magnificent 
specimen  of  Indianhood,  almost  a  full  blood; 
proud  of  his  descent  from  the  early  English 
colonist,  tirm  in  his  belief  that  the  onl\-  white 
blood  in  the  triije  entered  through  the  Lost 
Colony.  He  spoke  in  a  high,  almost  falsetto 
voice,  peculiar  to  all  these  descendants  of 
Raleigh's  Lost  Colony,  who  still  use  the  old 
Saxon  English. 

It  was  with  regret  that  we  parted  from  Jim 
— although  at  everv  home  where  we  stopped 
the  door  was  upened  to  us,  as  \\e  knew  it 
would  be.  Often  when  I  knocked  alone,  the 
door  was  opened  grudgingly,  and  I  saw  that 
the  white  stranger  was  unwelcome,  but  in- 
variably there  came  forth  from  within  that 
high  rich  falsetto — "Walk  in,  mon;  sit  thee  by 
my  fire  and  warm." 

The  speech  of  the  Croatans,  by  the  way,  is 
unlike  that  of  either  the  whites  or  blacks 
around  them.  It  shows  traces  of  the  language 
of  300  years  ago.     "Man"   is  pronounced 


"mon";  "father"  is  called  "fayther"  (there 
were  many  Irish  names  among  the  Roanoke 
colonists);  "measurement"  is  called  "men- 
sion";  their  plural  for  hose  is  "hosen,"  for 
house,  "housen,"  etc. 

Professor  Weeks  in  his  pa]>er  states  that 
the  strongest  evidence  of  all  is  furnished  by 
the  family  names.  The  117  Roanoke  settlers 
had  95  different  surnames:  pL these  41  "or 
more  than  43  per  cent  are  reproduced  by  a 
tribe  living  hundreds  of  miles  from  Roanoke 
Island  and  after  a  lapse  of  300  years — and  the 
traditions  of  every  family  bearing  the  name 
of  one  of  the  lost  colonists  point  to  Roanoke 
Island  as  the  home  of  their  ancestors." 

At  the  outer  edge  of  the  settlement  we 
found  manv  of  the  poorer  and  most  illiterate 
of  the  tribe;  some  of  these  had  completelv  lost 
caste  bv  marrving  among  or  associating  with 
mulattoes.  In  fact  those  who  have  neglected 
to  observe  the  color  line  are  compelled  to  wor- 
ship by  themselves.  They  have  a  church  on 
the  Great  Lowrey  road  where  the  aristocracy 
of  Scuffletown  is  never  seen.  Since  1887  the 
State  has  made  marriages  between  the  Croa- 
tans and  negmes  null  and  void. 

.\t  last  we  reached  the  homes  of  those  who 


M  ON  U  51  EXT     MARKIVO     THE     SPOT     WHERE     VIRGIVIA     DARE     WAS     BOUX 

The  small  stones  outline  the  fort  built   in    1587. 


Still  treasure  the  old  traditions.  At  the  spa- 
cious log  mansion  of  one  of  the  old  chron- 
iclers who  has  lived  a  full  century  on  the 
Great  Lowrey  road,  we  were  made  welcome. 
The  ancient  chronicler,  grandfather  of  "  Jim" 
Diel,  totters  now  as  he  walks,  but  he  remem- 
bers still  the  War  of  1812,  although  many 
events  since  rest  dimly  upon  his  enfeebled 
brain.  The  things  of  his  childhood  are  easiest 
for  him  to  recall,  and  so  it  is  that  he  remem- 
bers still  many  of  the  old  traditions  that  link 
the  Croatans  with  the  colony  of  whites  that 
Raleigh  sent  to  Roanoke. 

A  daughter  of  this  old  sage  married  the 
present  lord  of  the  log  mansion,  a  Lowrey,  a 
white-haired  man  of  eighty  years  now.  Some 
time  ago  he  followed  the  old  Indian  trail  out 
through  the  gap  in  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains 
and  across  country-  to  the  Indian  territorv 
where  many  of  the  friends  of  his  youth  had 
migrated.  In  Lincoln  County,  North  Caro- 
lina, he  found  descendants  of  the  Dares  who 
were  still  remembered  by  his  father,  though 
they  had  left  Robeson  County  after  the  ^\'ar 
of  1812,  in  which,  according  to  the  State  rec- 
ords of  North  Carolina,  the  men  of  the  fam- 
ily fought  bravely  against  the  EngUsh. 

The  last  of  the  Dares  eke  out  an  humble 
living  now  in  the  iron  mines  near  Crouse,  in 
Western  North  Carolina;  thev  have  almost 
forgotten  that  the}'  came  from  Robeson  Coun- 
ty, and  the  stor\-  of  the  "^\'hite  Doe  of  Ro- 
anoke"' is  seldom  told  among  them  now.  But 
the  two  white-haired  veterans  of  the  Great 


Lowrev  road  in  Robeson  Countv  know  it 
well. 

They  both  recall  how,  twent\'-five  years 
ago  when  Hamilton  McMillan  first  came 
among  them,  he  mentioned  one  day  the  name 
Virginia  Dare  in  the  councils  of  their  people. 
The  old  chroniclers  remained  silent  or  shook 
their  heads;  but  when  Mr.  ^IcMillan  pro- 
nounced it  Darr,  "Ah's"  came  from  many 
an  old  throat,  and  soon  the  chroniclers  were 
busy  narrating  traditions  of  the  little  white 
fawn  by  the  name  of  Darr,  \\ho  was  born 
far  otT  in  Roanoke,  Xa..,  and  when  she  grew 
up  married  one  of  their  young  braves;  how 
her  people  were  skilled  and  brave  and  fighters. 
But,  alas!  years  before  they  had  gone  west- 
ward along  the  great  trail — no  one  in  the  tribe 
knew  whither.  While  the  old  chroniclers 
talked,  the  Indian  women  in  the  gathering  bent 
back  and  forth  moaning  in  rhvthm,  as  they  do 
to-day  when  tales  of  the  old  times  are  told. 

There  are  those  to-day  among  the  Croatans 
who,  if  you  ask  of  Virginia  Dare,  shake  their 
heads  or  remain  silent,  but  say  Virginia  Darr, 
and  there  will  be  an  eager  "Yes,  yes — we 
know  Virginia  Darr,  she  is  our  mother  way 
back."  A  few  there  are  still  who  remember 
the  old,  old  traditions  they  heard  in  bygone 
davs  from  the  real  chroniclers  who  have 
passed  away,  that  told  how  the  baby  white  girl 
was  taken  wth  the  white  men  and  women 
from  the  Island  of  Roanoke  and  grew  to 
womanhood  on  the  banks  of  the  Burnt  Lake 
(Mattamuskeet). 


THH    FINDING    OF    RALEIGH'S    LOST    COLONY 


31 


The  mystery  ui  llie  dL--appearance  of  the 
colonists  is  solved  plainly  and  simply  by  the 
traditions  of  these  Indians.  According  to  one 
legend,  at  that  time  only  a  marsh  separated 
Roanoke  Island  from  the  mainland,  and 
when  the  good  hunting  was  over,  and  the 
tribe  homesick  for  the  hills,  their  white  broth- 
ers— unable  to  wrest  a  living  from  the  wilds 
alone — asked  that  they  might  go  with  their 
red  brothers  and  remain  with  them  until  they 
received  their  supplies  from  the  good  queen, 
whom  Chief  Manteo  had  once  gone  over  the 
sea  to  meet.  So  the  white  men  left  signs  on 
the  trees,  and  there  being  too  many  women 
and  children  to  take  in  the  canoes,  a  march 
was  begun  overland. 

A  long,  long  stop  of  many  years  was  made 
at  a  lake  which  the  Indians  called  in  their 
tongue  Burnt  Lake,  and  which  modern 
science  says  was  created  by  a  great  fire  that 
ate  down  through  the  dry  swamp.  Here  the 
Croatans  rested,  and  here  the  white  people 
expected  that  the  messengers  from  over  the 
sea  would  follow.  But  time  passed  and  no  one 
came — perhaps  those  who  came  and  read 
'le  word  Croatoan  carved  on  the  trees  did  not 
.low  of  the  great  road  from  Roanoke  to  the 
Hiil  Country,  and  turned  their  eyes  to  the 
spot  then  known  to  the  English  as  Croatan  on 
the  sand  bank  near  Hatteras.  There  was  no 
one  left  to  tell  of  the  great  trail — perhaps  all 
the  English-speaking  Indians  migrated  with 
the  tribe. 

We  followed  the  Great  Lowrey  road  for 
miles.  E\'ery  here  and  there  we  stopped  at 
a  neatly  built  log  house  or  a  frame  dwelling 
erected  by  the  Croatans,  for  the_v  never  go 
outside  for  anv  necessity.  The  State  has  sup- 
plied a  Normal  School,  but  the  Croatans 
built  it  and  built  it  well. 

The  Normal  School  is  the  pride  of  every 
one  of  the  3,500  Croatans  in  Robeson  County. 
When  Thanksgiving  and  closing  days  come, 
around  the  school  is  a  scene  of  wild  activitv; 
the  entire  tribe  camps  and  picnics  without, 
while  within  there  are  elocutionary  efforts; 
without  there  is  feasting  and  foot  racing  and 
elocutionary  narratives  of  the  past  glories  of 
the  Croatans. 

At  a  little  log  house  that  spread  out  in  wings 
and  outhouses  like  a  veritable  village,  we 
caught  one  of  the  old  men  at  work  at  a  pine- 
stump  mortar  beating  with  wooden  pestle  the 
corn  into  meal  for  the  daily  food. 

It  was  not  only  the  numerous  Sampsons — 
the  richest  of  the  Croatans  (and  claiming  de- 
scent from  the  John  Sampsons,  father  and  son 


of  Roanoke) — who  grew  their  own  tobacco. 
Every  Indian  in  Robeson  County  is  as  am- 
bitious to  have  his  own  little  tobacco  patch  as 
were  his  ancestors  from  whose  front  \'ards  on 
Roanoke  Island  the  first  colonists  secured 
and  carried  back  to  Sir  Waller  Raleigh  seed 
from  the  tobacco  plant,  grains  from  the  ripe 
maize,  and  potatoes  from  the  soil,  three  Indian 
names  that  have  gone  around  the  globe  from 
Roanoke  Island,  and  three  commodities  still 
grown  by  the  Croatans,  who  alone  of  all  the 
Indians  in  the  world  still  plant,  as  they  did 
300  years  ago,  their  private  patches  of  the 
weed  that  helped  to  make  Raleigh's  name 
remembered  the  world  around. 

The  Ethnokigical  Bureau  at  Washington 
itself  is  authority  for  the  statement  that  the 
Croatans  have  been  absolutely  passed  over 
and  neglected  by  the  white  men  in  search  of 
historical  and  scientific  data  relating  to  the 
American  Indian. 

A  modern  poem  tells  of  a  young  Indian 
swain  who  fell  in  love  with  Virginia  Dare,  and 
being  rejected,  used  sorcery  to  change  her 
into  a  white  doe,  and  of  a  rival  who  shot  the 
white  doe  with  an  enchanted  silver  arrow, 
when  she  at  once  instead  of,  as  he  expected, 
turning  again  into  a  maiden,  died  upon  the 
spot  and  from  her  blood  sprang  the  "mother" 
scuppernong,  with  its  pale  grape  and  white 
"blood."  But  as  we  know  that  the  "moth- 
er" vine  antedates  the  arrival  of  the  colonists, 
this  tradition  may  be  dismissed  in  its  entirety 
as  of  modern  invention.  Certain  it  is,  how- 
ever, that  the  great  scuppernong  vine  did  play 
a  part  in  the  story  of  Virginia  Dare;  its  seeds 
still  grow  vines  that  bear  red  grapes,  and  the 
white  men  who  liked  the  "white  blood"  of 
the  "mother"  vine,  took  slips  with  them 
wherever  thev  went.  The  Lost  Colony  migl'.t 
have  been  found  long  ago  by  merely  following 
the  white  scuppernong  across  the  State. 

I  had  tasted  of  the  fruit  of  the  vine  at  the 
spot  where  Virginia  Dare  was  born;  I  drank 
her  last  health  from  an  ancient  vine  in  far-off 
Robeson  County  that  her  hands — who  knows? 
— may  have  planted.  It  is  certain  that  the 
vines  that  bear  the  white  grapes  in  distant 
Robeson  Countv  are  descended  onh'  from  the 
"nKjther"  vine  at  Roanoke;  it  seems  certain, 
too,  that  the  pale-faced  Indians  at  the  end  of 
the  trail  are  also  the  distant  offspring  of  thoi^e 
fair-faced  foreigners  who  joined  with  the 
native  Americans  at  Roanoke  when  both  bade 
farewell  together  to  the  "mother"  vine,  to 
carry  white  blood  into  the  regions  of  the  west, 
there  to  mingle  with  the  red. 


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